Kajian terhadap peran korban (victim) dalam tindak pidana pencurian ditinjau dari viktimologi (studi di pengadilan negeri Surakarta)

ABSTRAK Penulisan hukum ini berpangkal tolak dari perumusan masalah faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana pencurian di Surakarta dan bagaimana peran korban terhadap terjadinya pencurian di Surakarta ditinjau menurut Viktimologi. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah sebagai berikut : jenis penelitian empiris, sifat penelitian deskriptif, jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer, sumber data adalah sumber data sekunder yang masih relevan dengan permasalahan yaitu bahan hukum primer (KUHP) , bahan hukum sekunder (buku-buku teks yang ditulis oleh para ahli hukum, jurnal-jurnal hukum, pendapat para sarjana, karya ilmiah, koran, makalah, dan majalah), dan bahan hukum tersier (kamus dan internet). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa analisis data kualitatif dengan model interaktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data yang telah dilakukan maka disimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana di Surakarta ada 2 faktor, yakni faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal yakni faktor yang berasal dari diri pelaku sendiri dan faktor eksternal yakni faktor yang berasal dari luar pelaku. Peran korban dalam terjadinya pencurian di Surakarta ditinjau dari Viktimologi adalah korban merupakan pihak yang berpartisispasi secara pasif, dengan cara memberikan kesempatan kepada pelaku sehingga memudahkan pelaku melakukan pencurian. Kata kunci : Pencurian, Korban, Viktimologi ABSTRAK The writing of this law stems from the formulation of a problem starting the factors that cause the occurrence of theft offenses in Surakarta and how the role of victims of theft in Surakarta reviewed according Viktimologi. The research method used in the writing of this law are as follows: type of empirical research, descriptive research nature, the type of data is primary data, data source is a secondary data sources that are still relevant to the problems that primary legal materials (Penal Code), secondary legal materials (text books written by legal experts, law journals, opinions of scholars, scientific works, newspapers, papers, and magazines), and tertiary legal materials (dictionaries and the internet). Data collection techniques used were interviews and literature study. The author uses data collection techniques such as analysis of qualitative data with an interactive model. Based on the research and data analysis has been done, we conclude that the factors that cause crime in Surakarta there are two factors, namely internal factor and external factor. Internal factors ie factors arising from his own self and perpetrators of external factors ie factors originating from outside actors. The role of the victim in the occurrence of theft in Surakarta Viktimologi is evaluated from the victim is a party berpartisispasi passively, by providing opportunities to players making it easier for perpetrators to theft. Keywords: Theft, Victim, Viktimolog

The Synthesis Of Graphene Films Via Graphene Oxide Reduction Using Green Tea

In recent years, graphene has emerged as the most promising nanomaterial for various potential applications especially in biomedical field owing to its unique two dimensional (2D) nanostructure and intriguing physicochemical properties. A simple method to produce graphene was developed by reducing graphene oxide (GO) using green tea polyphenol (GTP) in a batch reactor. The aforementioned method was non-detrimental to the environment, cost effective and scalable for high-volume production. The product of the reduction process was referred as reduced GO (RGO). The effects of weight ratio of GTP/GO and reaction temperature on the reduction of GO were examined in details. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the measurement of zeta potential as well as the electrophoretic mobility reveal that a successful reduction of GO and the preparation of stable RGO dispersion in aqueous media could be attained by performing the reduction reaction of GO with GTP at 90 ºC using a weight ratio of GTP/GO=1. In addition, the UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis show that the RGO prepared using GTP exhibits final position of absorption peak (271 nm) and intensity of sp2 carbon that almost similar to the RGO produced using hydrazine (N2H4) solution. This observation indicates that the effective reduction property of GTP as compared to the N2H4 solution as a standard reducing agent

POLA KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DI PANTI ASUHAN PERMATA HATI KOTA BANDUNG

Judul dari skripsi penelitian ini adalah Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal Di Panti Asuhan Permata Hati Kota Bandung dengan sub judul Studi Interaksi Simbolik Anak Asuh Dan Pengasuh Panti Asuhan Permata Hati Kota Bandung. Tema ini dipilih karena kesadaran sosial peneliti tentang lingkungan sekitar, dimana Panti Asuhan adalah hal yang ada sejak dulu hingga sekarang dan tidak lekang oleh waktu. Berbeda dengan ulasan fenomena, kajian tentang Panti asuhan akan terus berguna dan membawa manfaat yang jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola komunikasi interpersonal, khususnya interaksi simbolik yang terjadi di Panti Asuhan Permata Hati Kota Bandung. Teori George Herbert Mead mengenai Interaksi Simbolik dipilih untuk dijadikan acuan. Penulisan penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode studi deskriptif dan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, hingga kajian literatur. Terdiri 3 macam informan dalam penelitian ini, anak asuh, pengasuh, dan akademisi. Dari hasil pengamatan dan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak asuh maupun pengasuh telah menjalin komunikasi dan memiliki interpretasi yang baik. Konsep diri anak asuh yang sebelumnya masih banyak kekurangan seiring berjalannya waktu telah mengalami perubahan menuju positif. Sedangkan hubungan anak asuh dengan lingkungan masyarakat, meski tidak terlalu intens namun telah terjalin cukup baik. Peneliti menyarankan agar pihak Panti Asuhan semakin mendekatklan diri dengan anak asuh. Perlu diadakan berbagai kegiatan yang mampu membangun karakter dan membuat anak terbuka. Dengan adanya usaha, penerapan, dan penanaman nilai positif Panti Asuhan Permata Hati Kota Bandung akan melahirkan generasi yang berkepribadian baik

Sejarah Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Pendidikan Pada Masa Dinasti Umayyah

  This study aims to determine the history of the growth and development of education during the Umyyah Dynasty as the first dynasty as a century of expansion drifting with issues concerning conquest, consolidation and as a multinational and multicultural empire conscious of its needs. Consciously pay great attention to educational issues. So in turn this Umayyah Dynasty is able to grow the various scientific sciences that are now felt useful, especially for the European world that is able to dig and develop it. Education during the reign of the Umayyahs was more developed than in the days of Khulafur Rashidin. The most prominent development of education is on the institutional and science aspects taught. In the institutional aspects have emerged and evolved new educational institutions,And the decline and destruction of the Umayyah Dynasty was caused by many factors, its dignity was: the seizure of power between the royal family, the conflict with Shi'a and Khawarij opposition, ethnic opposition of the North Arab tribes and the South Arab tribes, the incompetence of the caliphs in leading the government and their luxurious living tendencies, the overthrow of the Bani Abbas fully supported by the Bani Hashim

Is Spiking Secure? A Comparative Study on the Security Vulnerabilities of Spiking and Deep Neural Networks

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) claim to present many advantages in terms of biological plausibility and energy efficiency compared to standard Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Recent works have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., small perturbations added to the input data can lead to targeted or random misclassifications. In this paper, we aim at investigating the key research question: ``Are SNNs secure?'' Towards this, we perform a comparative study of the security vulnerabilities in SNNs and DNNs w.r.t. the adversarial noise. Afterwards, we propose a novel black-box attack methodology, i.e., without the knowledge of the internal structure of the SNN, which employs a greedy heuristic to automatically generate imperceptible and robust adversarial examples (i.e., attack images) for the given SNN. We perform an in-depth evaluation for a Spiking Deep Belief Network (SDBN) and a DNN having the same number of layers and neurons (to obtain a fair comparison), in order to study the efficiency of our methodology and to understand the differences between SNNs and DNNs w.r.t. the adversarial examples. Our work opens new avenues of research towards the robustness of the SNNs, considering their similarities to the human brain's functionality.Comment: Accepted for publication at the 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN

PARTISIPASI PETANI ANGGOTA P3A DALAM PENGELOLAAN AIR DI DESA BANDAN HURIP DAN PALAS JAYA, KECAMATAN PALAS KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN

This study aims to analyze the level of participation of P3A member farmers in irrigation water management, to find out the variables that affect the level of the participation, and to find out the implications of research findings on irrigation water management.  The research location was chosen deliberately in the villages of Bandan Hurip and Palas Jaya, Palas Subdistrict, South Lampung Regency.  The research was carried out in June 2018 using a survey method. The number of respondents was 82 P3A members determined using the Slovin formula.  The level of participation of P3A members was analyzed descriptively, the variables affecting the level of the participation were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression, and the implications of the research findings were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis.  The results showed that the highest level of participation of P3A members in water management was 43.90% at the low classification level.  The variables that influence the level of the participation in irrigation water management are the member interaction and the members’ motivation, while variables that do not affect are the group's role, level of knowledge, and members’ activity.Key words: participation, P3A, water managemen

Transformational Leadership on Performance: Mediating Role of Flexible Work Arrangements and Work Engagements (Study on the Coffee Shop Industry in Yogyakarta)

This study deals with the effect of transformational leadership and flexible work arrangement on performance through work engagement as an intervening variable in the cafe industry in Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the variables to be studied, namely transformational leadership, flexible work arrangement, work en- gagement, and performance. Respondents in this study were 106 workers from 34 cafes in Yogyakarta. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire with 5 Likert scales. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive effect of the variables tested for both direct and indirect impact. However, the value is not greater than the immediate effect. This research aims to increase the opportunities for determining flexible work arrangements, strengthening transformational leadership, especially em- ployee motivation and involvement, and maintaining performance through a suitable communication process

QuSecNets: Quantization-based Defense Mechanism for Securing Deep Neural Network against Adversarial Attacks

Adversarial examples have emerged as a significant threat to machine learning algorithms, especially to the convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In this paper, we propose two quantization-based defense mechanisms, Constant Quantization (CQ) and Trainable Quantization (TQ), to increase the robustness of CNNs against adversarial examples. CQ quantizes input pixel intensities based on a "fixed" number of quantization levels, while in TQ, the quantization levels are "iteratively learned during the training phase", thereby providing a stronger defense mechanism. We apply the proposed techniques on undefended CNNs against different state-of-the-art adversarial attacks from the open-source \textit{Cleverhans} library. The experimental results demonstrate 50%-96% and 10%-50% increase in the classification accuracy of the perturbed images generated from the MNIST and the CIFAR-10 datasets, respectively, on commonly used CNN (Conv2D(64, 8x8) - Conv2D(128, 6x6) - Conv2D(128, 5x5) - Dense(10) - Softmax()) available in \textit{Cleverhans} library

Penerapan sistem pembagian bagi hasil pembiayaan mudharabah pada petani kentang di KSPPS Tamzis Bina Utama Batur Banjarnegara

KSPPS Tamzis Bina Utama Cabang Kecamatan Batur Kabupaten Banjarnegara berada di daerah-daerah yang mendekati Dataran Tinggi Dieng merupakan wilayah-wilayah yang banyak masyarakatnya menggantungkan mata pencaharianya sebagai petani sayuran dan peternak domba. Hal itu membuat masyarakat banyak membutuhkan suatu isntansi terutama yang berbentuk koperasi simpan pinjam yang mempunyai produk-produk yang berhubungan dengan pembiayaan- pembiayaan dalam pertanian. Dengan Kecamatan Batur Kabupaten Banjarnegara adalah wilayah yang dikelilingi pegunungan dimana mayoritas masyarakatnya bekerja sebagai petani sayuran. Masyarakat sekitar yang mayoritas beragama islam tentu membutuhkan suatu bentuk pembiayaan yang menggunakan prinsip syariah, dimana dalam penerapanya murni menggunakan akad-akad atau perjanjian yang sama sekali tidak menggunakan beberapa hal yang dilarang dari transaksi- transaksi dalam islam seperti gharar atau ketidakjelasan dalam transaksi maupun dalam akad, maysir yaitu terdapat hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan perjudian dalam transaksi maupun akad ataupun riba’ dalam bentuk dan jenis riba apapun. Akad-akad pertanian sangat dibutuhkan terutama mereka yang berkerja sebagai petani sehari-harinya dimana Kecamatan Batur sendiri hampir semua wilayahnya terutama dilereng-lereng dataran tinggi Dieng hampir semua digunakan untuk usaha pertanian. Para petani khususnya petani kentang menggunakan produk pembiayaan mudharabah di KSPPS Tamzis cabang Kecamatan Batur dikarenakan KSPPS Tamzis selalu berhasil dan sudah dipercaya untuk membiayai suatu usaha dalam bentuk bembiayaan mudharabah, baik usaha dalam bentuk dagang maupun usaha khusus pertanian seperti yang dilakukan oleh para petani kentang di Kecamatan Batur dan sekitarnya. Permasalahan yang berpotensi timbul dalam pembiayaan mudharabah terhadap petani kentang adalah resiko gagal panen, resiko harga jual dan sebagainya. Jenis Penelitian yang peneliti pilih adalah penelitian kualitatif dimana metode ini berisi kajian dan peneletian yang mendeskripsikan beberapa hal dalam latar belakang ilmiah murni tanpa malipulasi didalamnya dan tanpa pengujian hipotesis didalamnya. Informasi yang didapatkan peneliti bersumber dari wawancara dan dokumentasi di KSPPS Tamzis Bina Utama Cabang Batur Banjarnegara yang beralamat di Jl. Raya Batur Nomor 27 Batur Banjarnegara. Hasil penelitian yang dihasilkan adalah pendistribusian sistem bagi hasil akad mudharabah terhadap petani kentang yang berjumlah 85 % untuk anggota dan 15% untuk Tamzis atau 87,5% untuk anggota dan 12,5% untuk Tamzis. Hasil penelitian lainya adalah resiko-resiko penggunaan akad mudharabah terhadap usaha pertanian kentang dan bagaimana cara meminimalisisr resiko- resiko tersebut. Anggota diberikan kewenangan oleh KSPPS Tamzis dalam mengelola dana dari Tamzis selama anggota menggunakan dana tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah dan ekonomi islam